EORI Numbers: What They Are and How to Apply for Them

What Is an EORI Number and When Do You Need One?

The EORI number (Economic Operators Registration and Identification number) is a mandatory customs identifier for businesses involved in international trade. Whether you’re exporting from Germany, importing into the UK, or trading with Switzerland, an EORI number is essential.

Take Sarah, the managing director of a mechanical engineering firm. She plans to export her machines to Switzerland and the United Kingdom. To avoid customs delays, she must apply for the correct EORI numbers in each country.

This guide explains:

• What an EORI number is
• How to apply for it in Germany, Switzerland, and the UK
• Key differences in each country’s process

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What Is an EORI Number?

An EORI customs number is a unique identifier used by customs authorities to track and regulate goods moving across borders. It simplifies customs clearance and improves security and efficiency in EU and global trade.

Without an EORI number:

• Businesses cannot import or export goods legally.
• Customs declarations will be rejected.
• Shipments may be delayed or blocked.

For Sarah, applying for an EORI number is the first step to trading internationally — whether she’s exporting machines from Germany or importing parts from the UK.

How to Apply for an EORI Number in the EU

Application Process

Sarah’s company is based in the EU, so she needs to apply for an EU EORI number through the customs authority of the country where her business is established. The application is usually done online via the national customs portal.

The typical steps are:

1. Complete the EORI application form on the national customs website.
2. Submit business registration and tax identification details.
3. Await verification (processing usually takes a few working days).
4. Receive your unique EU EORI number.

Once issued, this number is valid across all EU member states, meaning it can be used for import and export operations throughout the European Union.

Who Needs a German EORI Number?

Any business engaged in importing to or exporting from the EU must have an EORI number—even for one-time shipments. This includes:

• Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
• Large multinational corporations
• Freight forwarders and logistics providers
• E-commerce sellers shipping goods internationally

Having a valid EORI number is essential to avoid customs delays and ensure legal compliance in cross-border trade.

EORI Number in Switzerland: Key Differences

EORI Use in Switzerland

Although not an EU member, Switzerland uses the EORI system for customs processing. Sarah needs a Swiss EORI number to trade with partners in the EU or beyond.

Swiss Application Process

To apply:

• Contact the Swiss Customs Authority (EZV).
• Submit the required forms and documents.
• Use the number for EU and third-country trade.

Swiss companies do not register with the EU — they must use the Swiss system.

UK EORI Numbers After Brexit

Brexit’s Impact on EORI Numbers

Since Brexit, UK companies can no longer use EU-issued EORI numbers. A separate GB EORI number is required for customs clearance between the UK and EU.

What Is a GB EORI Number?

A GB EORI number is the UK’s version of the EU identifier. If Sarah’s company ships goods to England, Scotland, or Wales, it must use this number when filing customs declarations.

How to Apply for a UK EORI Number?

Sarah can apply via HMRC (UK customs authority):

1. Wait a few working days for confirmation..
2. Submit the online application.
3. Include business and VAT registration details.

Why Is an EORI Number Important for International Trade?

An EORI number:

• Enables legal import/export operations
• Prevents customs delays and penalties
• Supports transparent, compliant cross-border trade

How Gerlach Customs Can Help

Gerlach is your partner for EORI applications and customs services across Europe and the UK. With over 140 years of experience, Gerlach helps companies:

• Apply for EORI numbers in Germany, Switzerland, and the UK
• Navigate post-Brexit customs processes
• Avoid delays and errors in cross-border shipping

Whether you’re just starting with international trade or need support in complex customs matters, Gerlach provides expert guidance at every step.