{"id":118328,"date":"2025-01-16T12:38:17","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T11:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/?post_type=knowledge-base&#038;p=118328"},"modified":"2025-07-18T22:17:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T21:17:59","slug":"komplexni-pruvodce-incoterms-2020-pro-firmy","status":"publish","type":"knowledge-base","link":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/celni-znalostni-baze\/komplexni-pruvodce-incoterms-2020-pro-firmy\/","title":{"rendered":"Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce Incoterms\u00ae 2020 pro firmy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Incoterms\u00ae 2020: Kl\u00ed\u010d k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu obchodu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod je slo\u017eit\u00e1 oblast, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 znalosti a pe\u010dlivou pozornost. Firmy, kter\u00e9 pravideln\u011b dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed a vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt obezn\u00e1meny s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy a dohodami, aby efektivn\u011b a leg\u00e1ln\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly sv\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce. Jedn\u00edm z nejkriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1klad\u016f pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod jsou Incoterms\u00ae 2020. Tyto standardizovan\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky definuj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost kupuj\u00edc\u00edch a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch p\u0159epravy, p\u0159evodu rizik a celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed. Tento pr\u016fvodce v\u00e1m poskytne v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o Incoterms\u00ae, pro\u010d jsou nezbytn\u00e9 a jak v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee Gerlach pomoci p\u0159i bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed va\u0161ich mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incoterms\u00ae jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zamezen\u00ed nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed a spor\u016f v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchod\u011b. Jasn\u011b a p\u0159esn\u011b definuj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti kupuj\u00edc\u00edch a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch. D\u00edky aplikaci Incoterms\u00ae ob\u011b strany p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed, kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za n\u00e1klady a rizika, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161uje realizaci obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed. Pro firmy to znamen\u00e1 optimalizaci dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159\u00edpad z praxe: \u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, kter\u00fd vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 produkty do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae 2020, aby zajistil, \u017ee jeho z\u00e1kazn\u00edci v N\u011bmecku, USA a Japonsku p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u00ed, kdy a kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159evodu odpov\u011bdnosti za zbo\u017e\u00ed. Jasn\u00fdm vymezen\u00edm odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed lze p\u0159edej\u00edt zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm a dodate\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>P\u0159ehled jeden\u00e1cti Incoterm dolo\u017eek<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Klasifikace podle typu transakce<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incoterms\u00ae lze rozd\u011blit do dvou hlavn\u00edch skupin podle typu transakce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skupina E:<\/strong> Ex Works (EXW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed poskytuje zbo\u017e\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b. Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed nese ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizika od m\u00edsta v\u00fdroby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skupina F:<\/strong> Free Carrier (FCA), Free Alongside Ship (FAS), Free On Board (FOB)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed doru\u010duje zbo\u017e\u00ed na dohodnut\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde kupuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 n\u00e1klady a rizika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skupina C:<\/strong> Cost and Freight (CFR), Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF), Carriage Paid To (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid To (CIP)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed hrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady do c\u00edlov\u00e9 destinace, ale riziko p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u0159\u00edve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Skupina D:<\/strong> Delivered At Place (DAP), Delivered At Place Unloaded (DPU), Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nese n\u00e1klady a rizika a\u017e do c\u00edlov\u00e9 destinace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Klasifikace podle zp\u016fsobu p\u0159epravy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incoterms\u00ae lze tak\u00e9 rozd\u011blit podle zp\u016fsobu p\u0159epravy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eprava:<\/strong> EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tyto dolo\u017eky jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny zp\u016fsoby p\u0159epravy, v\u010detn\u011b silni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravy, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy, leteck\u00e9 dopravy a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemsk\u00e1 vodn\u00ed doprava:<\/strong> FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tyto dolo\u017eky jsou navr\u017eeny speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemskou vodn\u00ed dopravu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed a vedlej\u0161\u00ed funkce Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed funkce:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u0159evod rizika:<\/strong> Incoterms\u00ae jasn\u011b definuj\u00ed, kdy p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed riziko ze strany prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. To je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed odpov\u011bdnostn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1ty nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f:<\/strong> Incoterms\u00ae ur\u010duj\u00ed, kdo nese kter\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159epravy, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a celn\u00edch poplatk\u016f. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edej\u00edt neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm v\u00fddaj\u016fm a usnad\u0148uje pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed funkce:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed:<\/strong> Incoterms\u00ae mohou ur\u010dit, kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch, proto\u017ee dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed celn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro hladk\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dokumentace:<\/strong> Incoterms\u00ae stanov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dokumenty jsou pot\u0159eba a kdo je mus\u00ed zajistit. To p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jasnosti a efektivit\u011b obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny ve verzi 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Incoterms\u00ae 2020 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch zm\u011bn a up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DAT se m\u011bn\u00ed na DPU:<\/strong> Term\u00edn &#8220;Delivered at Terminal&#8221; (DAT) byl p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na &#8220;Delivered at Place Unloaded&#8221; (DPU), aby bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee dod\u00e1vka m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat na jak\u00e9mkoli m\u00edst\u011b, nejen na termin\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Po\u017eadavky na poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed u CIF a CIP:<\/strong> Po\u017eadavky na poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed byly upraveny. U CIP mus\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed poskytnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kryt\u00ed, zat\u00edmco u CIF z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kryt\u00ed nezm\u011bn\u011bno.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FCA a z\u00e1znam On-Board:<\/strong> U FCA (Free Carrier) m\u016f\u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadovat, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00edskal z\u00e1znam o nalo\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed na lo\u010f. To usnad\u0148uje financov\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany bank, proto\u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed obdr\u017e\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed bylo skute\u010dn\u011b nalo\u017eeno.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kupuj\u00edc\u00edho vlastn\u00ed doprava:<\/strong> Incoterms\u00ae 2020 nyn\u00ed tak\u00e9 zohled\u0148uj\u00ed situace, kdy kupuj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky k vyzvednut\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159\u00edklad z praxe: \u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdrobce automobil\u016f exportuje vozidla do N\u011bmecka a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae 2020, aby zajistil, \u017ee vozidla budou \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b poji\u0161t\u011bna a dokumentace bude spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f. D\u00edky \u00faprav\u00e1m v Incoterms\u00ae 2020 m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost l\u00e9pe \u0159\u00eddit sv\u00e1 rizika a zajistit hlad\u0161\u00ed dod\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gerlach: V\u00e1\u0161 partner pro Incoterms\u00ae a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spole\u010dnost Gerlach, s v\u00edce ne\u017e 140letou zku\u0161enost\u00ed v celn\u00edm odbaven\u00ed, poskytuje komplexn\u00ed podporu p\u0159i aplikaci a implementaci Incoterms\u00ae 2020. D\u00edky jejich odbornosti a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 s\u00edti odborn\u00edk\u016f mohou pomoci firm\u00e1m zvl\u00e1dnout slo\u017eitosti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch dolo\u017eek Incoterms\u00ae, optimalizaci dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f nebo zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souladu s celn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy, Gerlach je va\u0161\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdm partnerem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nav\u0161tivte jejich webovou str\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/\">Gerlach Customs<\/a> pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed a zjist\u011bte, jak mohou podpo\u0159it va\u0161e podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aplikace Incoterms\u00ae 2020 je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011bch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed. Poskytuj\u00ed jasn\u00e1 pravidla pro p\u0159evod n\u00e1klad\u016f a rizik, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jistot\u011b. Gerlach, s jejich dlouholet\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi a odborn\u00fdmi znalostmi, je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm partnerem pro podporu firem p\u0159i implementaci a aplikaci Incoterms\u00ae. Nav\u0161tivte webovou str\u00e1nku spole\u010dnosti <a href=\"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/\">Gerlach<\/a>, kde se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce o tom, jak v\u00e1m mohou pomoci zajistit, aby va\u0161e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed transakce byly efektivn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":118329,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-118328","knowledge-base","type-knowledge-base","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-base\/118328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge-base"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/knowledge-base"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gerlach-customs.com\/cz-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}